LEGO offers two main systems for building Technic robots controlled by computers or smart devices: the educational SPIKE Prime system (using computers) and the consumer CONTROL+ and Powered Up systems (primarily using apps). The highly popular Mindstorms theme, which previously allowed direct computer control, was discontinued in 2022.
Educational Solutions (Computer Control)
The primary method for computer-controlled Technic-based robots today is the LEGO Education line, specifically SPIKE Prime.
LEGO Education SPIKE Prime: This system uses a programmable "hub" (a small computer/microcontroller), motors, and sensors.
Software: The SPIKE App can be installed on Windows, macOS, or Chromebook computers, or used via a web browser.
Programming Languages: It supports drag-and-drop block coding based on Scratch, and text-based coding using MicroPython, allowing for advanced programming directly from a computer.
Third-Party Solutions (Pybricks): For more advanced control and flexibility, the free and open-source Pybricks firmware and programming environment can be loaded onto compatible LEGO hubs, including those used in SPIKE Prime, Boost, City, and Technic themes.
Platform Compatibility: Pybricks allows coding using Windows, Mac, Linux, Chromebook, and Android, and running programs directly on the hub.
Consumer Solutions (App Control)
For standard consumer LEGO Technic sets, control is typically managed via apps on smartphones or tablets, not directly from a desktop computer application.
CONTROL+: This system is used in many large Technic sets to provide realistic controls, automation, and real-time feedback via Bluetooth connection to a smart device.
Sets: Examples include the Liebherr Crawler Crane LR 13000 (set 42146) and the Audi RS Q e-tron (set 42160).
Computer Use: To use the app on a PC or Mac, you would typically need to use an Android emulator like BlueStacks.
Powered Up: This system is used in some Technic and City trains/vehicles and also connects to an app or a physical remote control via Bluetooth.
Discontinued Themes
LEGO Mindstorms: This long-running and highly popular line (1998-2022) offered excellent computer control options throughout its history, with software for programming the programmable "bricks" via USB or Bluetooth from a PC. It has been officially discontinued.